In the years of Macedonian expansion under Philip II (359-336) BC the Athenian orator Demosthenes referred to Greece’s northern neighbors as “barbarians”, claiming that they had only recently ceased to be shepherds. Certainly the Thracians and Illyrians were non - Greek speakers, but in the northwest, the peoples of Molossis, Orestis and Lynkestis spoke west Greek and although they absorbed other groups into their territory, they were essentially “Greeks”.
The main difference between Macedonia and the city states of the south was that it was ruled by a king and powerful nobility.
Robert Morkot,The Penguin Historical Atlas of ancient Greece,page70
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