Alexander (Alexandros) 1. Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon, 356–323 BC, son of Philip II and Olympias).
1. Early life. In his youth, Alexander was taught by Aristotle from 342 BC. He showed his intelligence and power of command at an early age; when only 18 he led the Macedonian cavalry with distinction at the battle of Chaeronea (338) which saw the defeat of Thebes and Athens by Macedon. When his father was murdered in 336 he succeeded, after the elimination of his rivals, to the kingdom of Macedon and the leadership of the Greek city-states (see Corinth).
Before his death Philip had been about to lead an army against Persia in punishment for the wrongs inflicted on Greece in the Persian Wars 150 years earlier. Alexander aimed to continue this war, but first secured his position in Greece and stabilized the northern frontiers by defeating the Danubian tribes of that area. It was while he was at Corinth that he is reputed to have met the *Cynic philosopher Diogenes.
























