1. [Diodorus
Siculus 17.1.5]
“Alexander’s
ancestry went back to Heracles on his father’s side, while through his mother
he was related to the Aeacids.”
2. [Plutarch,
Alexander 2.1-2]
“As for
Alexander’s family, it is firmly established that he was descended from
Heracles through Caranus on his father’s side and from Aeacus through
Neoptolemus on his mother’s. The story goes that Philip was initiated into the
mysteries at Samothrace along with Olympian. She was an orphan and he was still
a very young man; he fell in love with her, and on the spure of the moment
became betrothed to her after ganing the blessing of her brother Arybbas.”
3. [Justin
11.4.5]
“Cleadas even
appealed to the kind’s personal devotion to Hercules, who was born in their
city; and from whom the clan of the Aeacidae[*] traced its descent and to the
fact that his father Philip had spent his boyhood in Thebes. “
[*]This should
read “Argeadae” His error may originate with Justin rather than Trogus.
4.[Justin
7.6.10-12]
”While these
matters were proceeding successfully Philip married Olympias, daughter of
Neoptolemus, king of the Molossians; the match was arranged by Arybbas. king of
the Molossians, who was the girl’s cousin and guardian and was married to her
sister Troas. This was the cause of Arrybas’ downfall and all his troubles.
For, while he was hoping to increase his kingdom through his family ties with
Philip, he was stripped of his own kingdom by the latter and grew old in exile.
“
5. [Theopompus
of Chios (FGTH US F3SS – Tzetzes, ad Lycophr 1439)]
“Olympias traced her line all the wav back to
Pyrrhus son of Achilles and Helenus son of Priam, according to Theopompus and
Pyrander. Pyrrhus’ line goes back to Aeacus. “
6. [Pausanias, Description of Greece 1.9.8]
“For Alexander was an Epirot, and related to
the Aeacids on his mothers side ”
7. [Plutarch,
On the fortune of Alexander 1.10 = Moratia 332a]
”Plutarch, in
a fictitious passage, puts these words into Alexander’s mouth: “Forgive me for
following the footsteps of Dionysus, divine founder and forefather of my line”
8. [Velleius
Paterculus: “The Roman History” Book I, 5]
”In this
period, sixty-five years before the founding of Rome, Carthage was established
by the Tyrian Elissa, by some authors called Dido. 5 About this time also
Caranus, a man of royal race, eleventh in descent from Hercules, set out from
Argos and seized the kingship of Macedonia. From him Alexander the Great was
descended in the seventeenth generation, and could boast that, on his mother’s
side, he was descended from Achilles, and, on his father’s side, from
Hercules.”
9. [Isocrates,
To Philip, 32] <b>
”Argos is the land of your fathers, and is
entitled to as much consideration at your hands as are your own ancestors…”
10. [Diodorus
of Sicily, 17.4.1]
“First he [Alexander] dealt with the
Thessalians, reminding them of his ancient relationship to them through
Heracles”
11.
[Herodotus, The Histories 5.22]
“ Now that the
men of this family are Hellenes, sprung from Perdiccas, as they themselves
affirm, is a thing which I can declare on my own knowledge, and which I will
hereafter make plainly evident. That they are so has been already adjudged by
those who manage the Pan-Hellenic contest at Olympia”
12.
[Herodotus, The Histories 8.43]
”Now that these descendants of Perdiccas are
Hellenes, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know”
13. [Herodotus
V, 22, 1, Loeb, A.D. Godley]
“The country
by the sea which is now called Macedonia… Alexander, the father of Perdiccas,
and his forefathers, who were originally Temenidae from Argos”
14. [Herodotus
V, 22, 2, Loeb, A.D. Godley]
“But Alexander
proving himself to be an Argive, he was judged to be a Greek; so he contended
in the furlong race and ran a dead heat for the first place”.
15. [Herodotus IX, 45, 2, Loeb, A.D. Godley ]
”For I myself
am by ancient descent a Greek, and I would not willingly see Hellas change her
freedom for slavery”
16.
[Pausanias, 7.8]
“Macedonia
whose kings are from Argos, Your good and your bad come in the reign of Philip.
One shall create lords for cities and for peoples: The other shall utterly
destroy your glory Beaten down by eastern and western men.”
17. [Strabo
13.1.27]
In my time,
however, the deified Ceasar was far more thoughtful of them, at the same time
also emulating the example of Alexander; for Alexander set out to provide for
them on the basis of a renewal of ancient kinship, and also because at the same
time he was fond of Homer; at any rate, we are told of a recension of the
poetry of Homer, the Recension of the Casket, as it is called, which Alexander,
along with Callisthenes and Anaxarchus, perused and to a certain extent
annotated, and then deposited in a richly wrought casket which he had found
amongst the Persian treasures. Accordingly, it was due both to his zeal for the
poet and to his descent from the Aeacidae who reigned as kings of the
Molossians–where, as we are also told, Andromache, who had been the wife of
Hector, reigned as queen–that Alexander was kindly disposed towards the Ilians.
18. [The Suda
“Caranus”]
One of the
Heraclids,[1] he gathered an army from Greece and went into Macedonia, which at
that time was an obscure place. He ruled there and handed down the rule so that
it proceeded in succession all the way down to Philip.”
19. [Isocrates
to Philip 113]
[113] My
purpose in relating all this is that you may see that by my words I am
exhorting you to a course of action which, in the light of their deeds, it is
manifest that your ancestors chose as the noblest of all.
20. [Isocrates
to Philip 115]
And mark that
I am summoning you to an undertaking in which you will make expeditions, not
with the barbarians against men who have given you no just cause, but with the
Hellenes against those upon whom it is fitting that the descendants of Heracles
should wage war.
21. [Isocrates
to Philip 127]
Therefore,
since the others are so lacking in spirit, I think it is opportune for you to
head the war against the King; and, while it is only natural for the other
descendants of Heracles, and for men who are under the bonds of their polities
and laws, to cleave fondly to that state in which they happen to dwell, it is
your privilege, as one who has been blessed with untrammeled freedom, to
consider all Hellas your fatherland, as did the founder of your race, and to be
as ready to brave perils for her sake as for the things about which you are
personally most concerned.
22. [Arrian,
Anabasis.3.3.2]
And Alexander
felt this drive to repeat the deeds of Perseus and Heracles, from whose two
families he descended…
23.
[Thucydides, Peloponnesian War.2.99]
Alexander and
his ancestors, originally Temenids
from Argos…
24. [Arrian
The Campaigns of Alexander, 4.11]
...but of
Philip’s son, a man with the blood of Heracles and Aeacus in his veins, a man
whose forefathers came from Argos to Macedonia, where theylong ruled not by
force, but by law.
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