Ὕμνος εἰς τήν Ἀρετήν

 

Ὁ δέ ὕμνος ἔχει τοῦτον τόν τρόπον· 

Ἀρετά, πολύμοχθε γένει βροτείῳ,

θήραμα κάλλιστον βίῳ,

σᾶς πέρι, παρθένε, μορφᾶς

καί θανεῖν ζαλωτός ἐν Ἑλλάδι πότμος

καί πόνους τλῆναι μαλερούς ἀκάμαντας·

τοῖον ἐπί φρένα βάλλεις

καρπόν τ᾿ ἀθάνατον χρυσοῦ τε κρείσσω

καί γονέων μαλακαυγήτοιό θ᾿ ὕπνου·

σεῦ δ᾿ ἕνεχ᾿ οὑκ Διός Ἡρακλέης Λήδας τε κοῦροι

πόλλ᾿ ἀνέτλασαν ἔργοις σάν ἀγρεύοντες δύναμιν.

σοῖς δέ πόθοις Ἀχιλεύς Αἴας τ᾿ Ἀίδαο δόμους ἦλθον·

σᾶς δ᾿ ἕνεκεν φιλίου μορφᾶς καί Ἀταρνέος ἔντροφος

ἀελίου χήρωσεν αὐγᾶς·

τοιγάρ ἀοίδιμος ἔργοις, ἀθάνατόν τέ μιν αὐξήσουσι Μοῦσαι

Μναμοσύνας θύγατρες, Διὀς ξενίου σέβας αὔξουσαι

φιλίας τε γέρας βεβαίου.

Διογένης Λαέρτιος,Βίοι καί γνῶμαι τῶν ἐν φιλοσοφίαι εὐδοκιμησάντων,Βιβλίον Εʹ

Modern Historians about Macedonia – James S. Romm

 

Eventually the Greek way of war would prove so superior to that of the barbarian world as to enable a largely Hellenic army,led by Alexander the Great,to conquer not only Egypt but most of Asia as well. 

On the War for Greek Freedom:Selections from the ‘Histories’,edited by James S. Romm,translated by Samuel Shirley,page xiii

In the large scheme of things,Xerxes’ analysis was correct, as would be demonstrated by Alexander the Great and his Greco-Macedonian invasion of Asia,150 years down the road. 

On the War for Greek Freedom:Selections from the ‘Histories’,edited by James S. Romm,translated by Samuel Shirley,page 125

Modern Historians about Macedonia – Robin Osborne

 

After that victory Philip imposed his own conditions on the whole Greek mainland, making a treaty with all significant cities except Sparta, the so-called ‘League of Corinth’. This treaty obliged the Greek cities to provide soldiers for Philip’s campaigns, but it did not, contrary to what had been feared at Athens, interfere with the constitutions of the individual cities.

Greek History Classical Foundations Series,Robin Osborne,Routledge,2004,page 127

 

Although Macedonians were accepted as Greek, after some discussion, for the purposes of competing at the Olympic games, and although the language of the Macedonians appears most probably to have been a dialect of Greek related to the dialects of north-west Greek, some Macedonian customs were distinct.

Greek History Classical Foundations Series,Robin Osborne,Routledge,2004,page 127